EPE publishes a study on the inequality of the Brazilian residential
sector's electricity consumption by income classes
Planning the expansion of a country's energy supply requires identifying
and understanding the energy consumption patterns of the different producing
segments and families. Therefore, understanding the residential sector's energy
demand disaggregated by income classes can contribute significantly to
improving energy planning and forecasting models, and designing better-targeted
public policies.
Electricity consumption in the Brazilian residential sector reflects the
great socioeconomic inequality that has historically marked the country in
regional terms and by income class. Annual per capita consumption ranges from
371 kWh (equivalent to residential consumption per capita in Morocco) for the
lowest income class to 2,221 kWh (equivalent to residential consumption per
capita in Japan) for the highest income class in 2019. Concerning the
concentration of electricity consumption by income classes in 2019, the four
lowest income classes (up to 5 minimum wages), which together represented
around 78% of national households, were responsible for 58% of residential
electricity demand; while the three highest income classes (more than 5 minimum
wages), which together represented around 22% of national households, were
responsible for 42% of residential electricity demand.
The fact sheet also proposes an indicator to measure and monitor the
inequality in the distribution of the residential sector's electricity
consumption by income classes – the Residential Sector’s Electrical Gini Index.
The evaluation of the Residential Sector’s Electrical Gini Index for Brazil
from 2005 to 2019, as well as the other results of the fact sheet, can be found
in the Fact Sheet 'Residential Electricity Consumption by Income Classes'.

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